Наследие Хиросимы - Эдвард Теллер
Plutonium, 100 Potsdam Declaration, 19 Pravda , 241 Preventive war, 232 Princeton Conference, 52-53 Proxima Centauri, 138-39
Rabi, I. I., 82; General Advisory Committee minority report, 43 Radiation Laboratory, 49, 62 Radio telescopes, 135 Radioactivity: action on the body, 169-70; in the atmosphere, 168; attack, after, 253-54; background, 177, 178, 179; and biology, 169-70, 175-76; in brick, 177; cancer, 180, 182; cosmic rays, 177; danger of, 170; decay of, 253-54; decontamination, 239-40; detectability, 168; dosage, 172, 176-79, 180; effects of, 171, 172-73; from fusion reactors, 119; half life, 175; kinds of, 169; knowledge, extent of, concerning, 168; leukemia, 176; “maximum permissible dose,” 179; mutations, 115, 180-81; from nuclear reactors, 103-4; in a nuclear war, 242, 253-54; radium, 177; reproductive cells, effect on, 176, 180-81; roentgen, 172; symptoms of overdose, 173; in water, drinking, 177; X-rays, 170, 181-82. See also Fallout
Radioisotopes: age, determining, 116; in agriculture, 114-15; handling, 115; making, 113; in manufacturing, 113; for measurement, 113, 116; in medicine, 113-14; mutations, 115; sterilization of food, 115; tracers, 113-14 Radium, 177 Reines, Frederick, 49 Retaliation, 127, 128, 129; circumstances affecting, 265; forces, 202-4, 263-64; massive, 42, Revolution of Rising Expectations, 80, 81
Richtmyer, Robert, 42, 48 Rickover, Hyman, 101 Roentgen, 172 Rongelap, 172-73 Rongerik, 171-72
Roosevelt, President, 24; speech at Eighth Congress of Pan-American Scientists, 12 Rosen, Louis, 52 Rosenbluth, Marshall, 53 Rowe, Hartley, 43 Russia: aggression, ambiguous, 233-35; atomic bomb, first, 33; attitude toward scientists, 147; Baruch Plan, reaction to, 27; civilian defense in, 258-59; education in, 145, 149; hydrogen bomb, first, 65; opportunism, 269; peaceful uses of nuclear energy, 86-87; policy of world domination, 233-34; progress, scientific, 144-45; rocket development, 124-25; secrecy in, 214; Sputnik, 69, 123-24; test ban proposal, 188; testing in, 204-5; war, nuclear, attitude toward, 234-35, 244
Santa Fe New Mexican, 5-6 Satellites: communication, 131-32; cost of orbiting, 136; Echo, 131; inspection, 133; military, 133-34; nuclear weapons in, possibility of, 129-30; rocket development, 124-25, 126-27; Sputnik, 69, 123-24; weather, 132
Science fiction, 81 Scientific Advisory Committee, 196 Second strike, 236, 263-66, 280 Secrecy, 210; allies, effect on, 215-17; arguments for, 220-22; and co-operation, 225; cost of, 212, 214; declassification of work on nuclear reactors, 224; defense mechanism, 218; and democracy, 217-20; effect of, 214-20; extent of, 214; fallout, 180; and fear, 211-12; misinformation, 218-20; misjudgment, 221; in NATO, 216-17; need for, 212-13; and openness, 222-25; operational, 212-13, 223; postwar, 31-32, 100-1, 213; publication of scientific advances, 223; reduction of, plan for, 222-23; Russian, 214; and scientific development, 211, 214-15; and security, 213-14; study of, proposed, 224-25; in technology, 223; weapons development, barrier to, 31-32 Serber, Robert, 38 Seven Years’ War, 303 Sewell, Duane, 72 Shelters: air supply, 248, 252; city, 248-49; community, 248; cost, 249-50; costs, sharing, 251; depth of, 248; fallout protection, 247-48; fire storm, protection against, 247, 248; government support for, 251; hydrogen bomb, 248; multipurpose, 250-51; planning, 247; priority for building, 247; radioactivity filter, 252; rural, 247-48; safety in, 244; in schools, 250; shock, protection against, 248; skyscraper construction, 249; supplies in, 251-52. See also Survival
Sherwood, Project, 119, 224 Shute, Nevil, 239-42 Smith, Cyril, 43 Smyth Report, 215 Space, 122-23; Andromeda, 140-42; colonization of, 134; detection of explosions in, 198-200; life in 137-38; Mars, 137-38; the moon, 135-37; platform, 136; Proxima Centauri, 138-39; rocket development, 124-25, 126-27; satellites, 129-34; testing in, 198-99; trade, interplanetary, 134-35; travel in, 138-42; Van Allen belts, 130-31; Venus, 137; war, 133-34 Sputnik, 69, 123-24 Stassen, Harold, 67 Stimson, Henry L., 24; Interim Committee chairman, 14 Strassman, F., 36 Strategic Air Command, 202 Strategic bombing, 281 Strauss, Lewis, 61, 68, 231; Atomic Energy Commissioner, 45; reactor research, position on, 108; Secretary of Commerce, 151-52
Street, Kenneth, 72, 74 Strontium 90, 85; dosage, average, per year, 177; effect of, 176; half life, 175; radiation from, compared to radium, 177; time, length of, retained in the body, 176. See also Cesium 137, Fallout, Radioactivity Survival: defeatism, 243-44; discipline, 258; energy sources, 257; fatalism, 241, 243; food, 255; industrial complex, 254-55; machines, 255-56; organization, 257-58; planning, 255; transportation, 256-57; will to survive, 241-42. See also Shelters
Suzuki, Admiral Baron Kantaro, 18,
Szilard, Leo, 7; Metallurgical Laboratory, member of, 100; nuclear energy, work on, 9-10; petition to warn Japan, 13-14; secrecy, atomic, 210-11
Teller, Edward: atomic bomb, work on, 13, 16, 36-37; Atomic Energy Commission, 58-59; at Berkeley summer session, 38-39; Bradbury, disagreement with, 54; clearance of, 38; at Columbia University, 36-37; fallout study, 175; at George Washington University, 8, 35, 36; on Hiroshima, 19-20; hydrogen bomb, work on, 22-23, 47, 50, 58-76; at Livermore Laboratory, 58-76; at Los Alamos Laboratory, 13-18; at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, 46-47; on massive retaliation, 261-62; at Metallurgical Laboratory, 38; moral scruples on weapons development, 12-13; nuclear reactors, work on, 102; Princeton Conference, 52-53; resignation from Livermore Laboratory, 76; thermonuclear energy, work on, 37, 38, 42; training, scientific, 8; at University of Chicago, 55; Weapons Committee, talk before, 53
Test ban, 186, 187; big-hole theory, 194-96; cheating by Russia, 208; Conference of Experts, 189-90, 195; detection problems, 190-201; feasibility, 200-1; inspections, 197; inspection stations, 190, 195; negotiations, 189, 206; Russia’s proposal, 188; treaty, 197, 205; “troika” commission, 197; violations, detectability of, 190-201
Testing, 188-89; areas, 190; in the atmosphere, 190-91; decoupling explosions, 194-96; detection, 190-201; goals of, 201-2; moratorium, 204; need for, 202-4; results of, 201-2; in Russia, 204-5; in space, 198-99; underground, 82-83, 191-97; underwater, 191. See also Test ban
Thermonuclear energy: Bethe, work of, 36; deuterium, 37; fusion reactors, 116-20; Gamow, work of, 34-36; George Washington University, work at, 36; hydrogen, 36, 37; Livermore Laboratory, work at, 58-76; Los Alamos Laboratory, work at, 39-40; reactors, 116-20; Teller, work of, 37, 38, 42; theory, 35-37. See also Hydrogen bomb, Plowshare
Thorium, 112
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 304 Truman, President, 24-25, 26-27; hydrogen bomb, decision to build, 46; refusal to use nuclear weapons in