Наследие Хиросимы - Эдвард Теллер

Никто не знает, что произойдёт. Свобода может выжить, и мир будущего может оказаться лучше, чем мы сегодня способны представить. Или свободу подавят, и даже памяти о ней не останется. Наше будущее будет решительно определено в последние десятилетия XX века.

Acheson, Dean, 25 Acheson-Lilienthal Report, 25-27 Alamogordo test, 5-6, 16-18, 171 Allison, Sam: Metallurgical Laboratory, member of, 100 Andromeda, 140-42 Anti-matter, 140 Argonne Laboratory, 101 Aristarchus of Samos, 301 Arms race, 42, 79-80, 184; cost, 185. See also Disarmament Astronomy, 305-6 Atlantic Union, 293-94 Atomic bomb, 11; Berkeley summer session, 38-39; chain reaction, 99, 103; Einstein letter to Roosevelt, 10-12; first explosion, 5-6, 16—18; Foster, John, work of, 66; Germany and the, 211; Hiroshima, 3-4; Interim Committee on nuclear policy, 14-15; plutonium, 100; Russia’s first, 33, 232; secrecy, reason for, 211-12; Teller, work of, 13, 16, 36-37; warning Japan of use, 13, 15. See also Nuclear energy

Atomic Development Authority, 26 Atomic energy. See Nuclear energy, Thermonuclear energy Atomic Energy Act, 215, 217 Atomic Energy Commission, 58-59, 61, 217, 219; Committee for Reactor Safeguards, 102; General Advisory Committee, 43-46, 58; Weapons Committee, 52

Atoms for Peace address, Eisenhower, 108-9

Baker, Charles, 41 Bard, Ralph A., 15 Baruch, Bernard, 25 Baruch Plan, 25, 27, 30 Berkeley summer session, 37-39 Bethe, Hans, 38, 41; decoupling study, 196; fallout study, 175; Scientific Advisory Committee, member of, 196; thermonuclear energy, work in, 36, 39 Big-hole theory, 194-96 Bikini, 171 Bloch, Felix, 38 Board of Consultants, 25-26 Bohr, Niels: atomic bomb, feasibility of, 210-11; expert, definition of an, 66; nuclear energy, work in, 8, 9; secrecy, atomic, 211-12

Bradbury, Norris, 41; Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, director of, 22; thermonuclear program, 54; weapons development, 22—

Breeder reactors, 112 Brown, Harold, 73; Conference of Experts, 72; hydrogen bomb, work on, 66; Livermore Laboratory, director of, 76; Plowshare, Project, 81-82 Buckley, Oliver E., 43 Bukharin, 35

Bureau of Standards conference,

Cesium 137: dosage, average, per year, 177; effect of, 176, 181; half life, 175; time, length of, retained in the body, 176. See also Fallout, Radioactivity, Strontium 90

Chadwick, Sir James, 32-33 Chain reaction, 9-10; controlled, 99-100

Churchill, Winston, 24, 230 Civilian defense, 124, 236, 243; communications, 246; deterrent to war, 244; lack of, 258; Russian, 258-59; shelters, 247-52; status of, 245; survival, 254-58; training program, 252-53; warning system, 245-46; warning time, 245-46; workers, number of, 259. See also Shelters, Survival Clark, Jack, 49

Clean explosives, 68, 83, 167, 278; detection of, 190; feasibility, 263; in limited warfare, 287; success in developing, 85-86, 287

Cobalt bomb, 239 Cold war, 79 Common Market, 294 Compton, Arthur H., 100; Interim Committee, advisory panel member, 14-15; Metallurgical Laboratory, reactor work, head of, 37, 100 Conant, James B., 43 Conference of Experts, 72-73, 189, 190, 195

Conference on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, 109, 124, 215, 224

Copernicus, 301 Critchfield, Charles, 36

Daghlian, Henry, 105 Darwin, 304, 305

Dean, Gordon, 53; Atomic Energy Commission, chairman of, 51 Decoupling nuclear explosions, 194-96

Detection of nuclear explosions: in the atmosphere, 190-91; big-hole theory, 195-96; camouflaging explosions, 192-93; clean explosions, 190; Conference of Experts, 190, 195; decoupling, 194-95; earthquakes, problems posed by, 192-94, 196-97; inspection stations, 190, 191, 195; inspections, 189, 193; “Open Sky” policy, 133, 246; radioactivity, 190, 191, 193; seismology, 192-93; shock wave, 190, 191; site location, 190, 191; small explosions, 191; in space, 198-200; underground, 191-96; underwater, 191; wind flow, plotting, 190. See also Test ban, Testing Deuterium, 37-38 Diffusion blasting, 86 Disarmament, 68, 71, 185, 200, 208; desirability of, 186; fallout scare, effect of, 183, 184; Lawrence, E. O., work of, 67; openness and, 209; risks of, 188; unilateral, 185, 187-88; war, to prevent, 235. See also Test ban, Testing

Doolittle, General James A., 59-60 DOPE, 101 DuBridge, Lee, 43 Dulles, John Foster, 230

Echo, 131

Education: adult, 154-55; excellence in, 161-62; mediocrity in, 161; in Russia, 145, 149; teachers, 155-57; in the United States, 150-63

Eighth Congress of Pan-American Scientists, 12

Einstein, Albert, 306; Roosevelt, letter to, 10-11

Eisenhower, President, 68; Atoms for Peace address, 108-9; Conference of Experts, proposal for, 188 Elugelab, 53 Eniwetok, 53, 55, 65 Enola Gay , 3 Everett, Cornelius, 47

Fallout, 68; Alamogordo test, 171; Bikini test, 171-74; Cesium 137, 175-77; danger of, 175-77; fear, effect of, 181-82, 183; Fortunate Dragon , 173-74; misinformation, 219-20; in peaceful uses of nuclear explosives, 85; protection against, 247-48; Rongelap, 172-73; Rongerik, 172; secrecy, 180; secrecy, effect of, 219-20; Strontium 90, 85, 175-77; and testing, 167-68, 174; in uncongested areas, 247; underground explosions, 85; world-wide, 167-68, 170, 174-81. See also Radioactivity

Fermi, Enrico, 22; General Advisory Committee minority report, 43-44; Interim Committee advisory panel member, 15; Los Alamos Laboratory, leaves, 41; Metallurgical Laboratory, member of, 100; nuclear energy, work in, 9, 211; nuclear reactors, work in, 97, 100; secrecy, atomic, 212; thermonuclear energy, work in, 37 Fernbach, Sidney, 64 Finletter, Thomas K., Secretary of the Air Force, 61 Fission, 36, 98-99, 113 Fortunate Dragon , 173-74 Foster, John, 66, 71 Frankel, Stanley, 38, 41 French Revolution, 303 Fuchs, Klaus, 46; at Los Alamos Laboratory, 28-29; moral position of, 29; payment for spying, 29; personality of, 28-29; spy, value as a, 27-28; on spying, Fusion, 91-92, 116-17 Fusion reactors: electricity, possible source of direct, 119-20; experimental results, 118; feasibility, 119; fuel, 117, 119; future of, 119-20; magnetic bottle, 117, 118; radioactivity of, 119; Sherwood, Project, 119; temperatures required, 116; turbulence, 117-18

Galileo, 301

Gamow, George, 8; thermonuclear energy, work in, 34-36 Gardner, Trevor, 126 Gauss, Karl F., 159 General Advisory Committee Report, 43-46

Geneva Conference of Experts, 72-73, 189, 190, 195 Graves, Alvin, 49 Graves, Elisabeth, 41 Green, Georgia, 5 Greenhouse, Project, 49-52 Griggs, David, 59, 82 Groves, General Leslie R., 32-33

Hahn, Otto, 36 Half life, 175 “Hard” stations, 203 Haussmann, Carl, 71-72 Hiroshima,