Мусульманское открытие Европы - Бернард Льюис

Ibid., p. 64; cf. French transl., pp. 62–63.

Duc de St. Simon, cited in N. Berkes, The Development of Secularism in Turkey (Montreal, 1964), p. 35. For a brief but illuminating appreciation of Mehmed Efendi and his role see A. H. Tanpinar, XIX Asir Türk edebiyati tarihi, vol. 1 (Istanbul, 1956), pp. 9ff.

Resmi, Viyana Sefaretnamesi (Istanbul, 1304) p. 33.

Azmi, Sefaretname 1205 senesinde Prusya K

Vasif’s report is printed in Cevdet, 4: 348–58.

Vasif in Cevdet, 4: 349–50.

On Ratib, see Cevdet, 5: 232ff; F. R. Unat, Osmanl

On Moroccan ambassadors and other Muslim travelers to Spain, see H. Pérès, L’Espagne vue par les Voyaguers Musulmans de 1610 a 1930 (Paris, 1937).

See above chapter 3, note 14.

S. C. Chew, The Crescent and the Rose (Oxford, 1937), pp. 327–33.

M. Herbette, Une Ambassade Persane, passim.

On Shirāz

Parts of this narrative were translated from a manuscript by A. Bausani, «Un manoscritto Persiano inedito sulla Ambasceria di

A. Bausani, «Un manoscritto Persiano …,» p. 488. This paragraph is missing from the Tehran edition.

Ilyās b.

Azulay, Ma

P. Preto, Venezia e i Turchi (Padua, 1975), p. 128 citing P. Paruta, Historia della gūerra di Cipro (Venice, 1615), p. 35. On the Turkish colony in Venice, see also A. Sagrado and F. Berchet, Il Fondacho dei Turchi in Venezia (Milan, 1860), pp. 23–28 and G. Verecellin, «Mercanti Turchi a Venezia alla fine del cinquecento,» Il Veltro: Rivista della Civiltà Italiana, 23, nos. 2–4 (Mar. — Aug., 1979): 243–75. On the role of Venice as intermediary between Turkey and Europe, see W. H. McNeill, Venice, the Hinge of Europe 1081–1797 (Chicago, 1974).

Preto, p. 129.

Ibid., p. 132.

Ibid., p. 139.

Sir Joshua Hassan, The Treaty of Utrecht and the Jews of Gibraltar (London, 1970).

For an early example, see F. Babinger, «‘Bajezid Osman’ (Calixtus Ottomanus), ein Vorläufer und Gegenspieler Dschem-Sultans,» La Nouvelle Clio 3 (1951): 349–88.

There is a considerable literature on Jem and his adventures in Europe, notably L. Thuasne, Djem-Sultan: Etude sur la question d’Orient a la fin du XV^e siècle (Paris, 1892); and I. H. Ertaylan, Sultan Cem (Istanbul, 1951). The Turkish memoirs were published under the title, Vakiat-i Sultan Cem (Istanbul, 1330 A. H.). See further, EI2., s.v. «Djem,» (H. Inalcik). For a collection of letters addressed to the sultan on this subject, see J. Lefort, Documents grecs dans les Archives de Topkapi Sarayi, Contribution à l’histoire de Cem Sultan (Ankara, 1981).

Vakiat, pp. 10–11.

Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Khālid

Şerafettin Turan, «Barak Reis’in, Şehzade Cem mes’elesiyle ilgili olarak Savoie ‘ya gönderilmesi,» Belleten 26, no. 103 (1962): 539–55; V. L. Ménage, «The Mission of an Ottoman Secret Agent in France in 1486,» Journal of